{"id":851,"date":"2025-07-30T09:36:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T07:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/panela\/tupa-otaegi-txiki\/"},"modified":"2025-09-10T09:30:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T07:30:09","slug":"tupa-otaegi-txiki","status":"publish","type":"panela","link":"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/fr\/panela\/tupa-otaegi-txiki\/","title":{"rendered":"Tupa, Otaegi, Txiki"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"851\" class=\"elementor elementor-851 elementor-143\" data-elementor-post-type=\"panela\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6901a5b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6901a5b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-090a2da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"090a2da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tupa, Otaegi, Txiki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6208ad7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6208ad7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b4eec3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b4eec3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5f52b1 elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e5f52b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"737\" height=\"872\" src=\"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TUPA-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-957\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TUPA-2.jpg 737w, https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/TUPA-2-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5db646 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a5db646\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b10434 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b10434\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Jose Antonio Garmendia Tupa<br \/><\/strong>(Abaltzisketa, Gipuzkoa, 1951)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc9700f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc9700f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jose Antonio Garmendia \u00e9tait un militant antifranquiste. En 1973, il passe dans la clandestinit\u00e9. Le 28 ao\u00fbt 1974, Arruabarrena alias Tanke et Garmendia alias Tupa sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s \u00e0 la sortie de Saint-S\u00e9bastien, lors d&rsquo;un des nombreux contr\u00f4les qui \u00e9taient effectu\u00e9s dans le Guip\u00fazcoa. Au d\u00e9but, ils r\u00e9ussissent \u00e0 prendre la fuite, abandonnant leurs armes \u00e0 bord du v\u00e9hicule, mais peu apr\u00e8s ils sont cribl\u00e9s de balles et tous les deux se retrouvent gravement bless\u00e9s. Garmendia a re\u00e7u un tir qui lui a travers\u00e9 la t\u00eate. Il a pass\u00e9 un temps dans le coma, souffrant d&rsquo;une l\u00e9sion c\u00e9r\u00e9brale qui lui a laiss\u00e9 des s\u00e9quelles \u00e0 vie. Alors qu&rsquo;il \u00e9tait hospitalis\u00e9 et injoignable, des policiers et juges militaires ont pris ses empreintes digitales et l&rsquo;ont accus\u00e9 de l&rsquo;assassinat du garde civil Gregorio Posadas. Malgr\u00e9 son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9, l&rsquo;incommunicabilit\u00e9 de Garmendia s&rsquo;est prolong\u00e9e tr\u00e8s longtemps. Seule une religieuse avait contact avec lui. Profitant de son \u00e9tat mental, elle lui a arrach\u00e9 des aveux, comme fa\u00e7on de payer sa \u00ab\u00a0faute\u00a0\u00bb. Cette manipulation a conduit, entre autres, \u00e0 l&rsquo;arrestation d&rsquo;un couple \u00e0 Azpeitia. En 1975, il est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d&rsquo;Otaegi. Sa peine de mort a \u00e9t\u00e9 commu\u00e9e vu sa situation terrible. Garmendia est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 en 1977 avec Xabier Izko de la Iglesia, sur ordre du gouvernement d&rsquo;Adolfo Su\u00e1rez.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dacd77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5dacd77\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17477dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"17477dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"737\" height=\"872\" src=\"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/otaegi.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-705\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/otaegi.jpg 737w, https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/otaegi-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c8e54 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7c8e54\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e318321 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e318321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Angel Otaegi Etxeberria<br \/><\/strong>(Nuarbe, Azpeitia, Gipuzkoa, 1942 \u2013 Burgos, 1975)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b98f4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b98f4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Angel Otaegi est n\u00e9 dans une vieille maison situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de la place et de la rivi\u00e8re de Nuarbe. Il y a v\u00e9cu avec son oncle et ses grands-parents jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ce qu&rsquo;il commence \u00e0 travailler. Il a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 dans les \u00e9coles chr\u00e9tiennes de Zestoa, puis au lyc\u00e9e d&rsquo;Azpeitia. \u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 15 ans, il s&rsquo;est mis \u00e0 travailler \u00e0 Zumarraga, et peu de temps apr\u00e8s il est revenu \u00e0 Azpeitia. C&rsquo;\u00e9tait un sportif et passionn\u00e9 de sport. Il a trouv\u00e9 sa maison \u00e0 Azpeitia au point que certains au sein m\u00eame de l&rsquo;ETA l&rsquo;appelaient Azpeitia. Ses amis le d\u00e9finissaient comme un vieux gar\u00e7on et f\u00eatard. Engag\u00e9 en faveur de la question nationale du Pays Basque, il a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 militer au sein de l&rsquo;ETA. En 1974, il s&rsquo;est fait arr\u00eater par la Police espagnole, accus\u00e9 d&rsquo;avoir particip\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;assassinat d&rsquo;un garde civil. Il est incarc\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 Martutene puis transf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison de Burgos. En septembre 1975, il est jug\u00e9 en conseil de guerre et condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort. En d\u00e9pit des grandes protestations qui ont eu lieu \u00e0 la fois en Espagne et au niveau international, Otaegi, Txiki et les trois membres de l&rsquo;organisation arm\u00e9e FRAP sont fusill\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5431708 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5431708\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ada241 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3ada241\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"737\" height=\"872\" src=\"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/txiki.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-709\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/txiki.jpg 737w, https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/txiki-254x300.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26cf769 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26cf769\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bab51b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bab51b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Juan Paredes Manot Txiki<br \/><\/strong>(Zalamea de la Serena, Badajoz, 1954 &#8211; Cerdanyola, Bartzelona, 1975)<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43fca1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43fca1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIl est n\u00e9 dans une famille d&rsquo;Estr\u00e9madure qui, \u00e0 l&rsquo;instar de beaucoup d&rsquo;autres, s&rsquo;est vue oblig\u00e9e d&rsquo;\u00e9migrer au Pays Basque (\u00e0 Zarautz) quand Txiki avait environ 10 ans. \u00c0 Zarautz, il a pris racine. Dans un contexte bien distinct, l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;une langue diff\u00e9rente lui a fait r\u00e9aliser, selon ses propres mots, qu&rsquo;il se trouvait dans un peuple diff\u00e9rent. Son enfance a pris fin \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de 14 ans car la situation familiale pr\u00e9caire l&rsquo;a oblig\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler. En 1970, il commence \u00e0 suivre des conf\u00e9rences de formation politique sur la question basque. En 1972, il rejoint l&rsquo;EGI et de l\u00e0 il entre dans l&rsquo;ETA. Il a acquis progressivement une conscience claire de la question nationale basque. En 1974, il d\u00e9cide de vivre dans la clandestinit\u00e9, luttant contre le franquisme. La m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, il commence \u00e0 s&rsquo;approprier la langue basque. Un an apr\u00e8s, il est accus\u00e9 de tuer le policier Jos\u00e9 D\u00edaz Linares et, m\u00eame si l&rsquo;affaire n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas claire, il s&rsquo;est fait arr\u00eater la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e. Il est rest\u00e9 5 jours au commissariat et a subi des tortures particuli\u00e8rement brutales dans son cas en raison de son statut d&rsquo;\u00e9migrant. Le cinqui\u00e8me jour, il est entr\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison de Modelo, o\u00f9 il a entam\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve de la faim pour protester contre les condamnations inflig\u00e9es \u00e0 Garmendia et Otaegi. En pleine gr\u00e8ve, des poursuites sont engag\u00e9es contre lui et il est soumis \u00e0 un conseil de guerre le 19 septembre qui le d\u00e9clare coupable de l&rsquo;assassinat du policier Ovidio D\u00edaz L\u00f3pez. Condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort (l&rsquo;avocat a dispos\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e0 peine 2 heures pour pr\u00e9parer sa d\u00e9fense), il est fusill\u00e9 \u00e0 Cerdanyola le m\u00eame jour qu&rsquo;Otaegi et les trois membres du FRAP.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a347554 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a347554\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e4372a elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"0e4372a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"container\" data-elementor-id=\"403\" class=\"elementor elementor-403\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L127.9 256l96.4 96.4c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L201.7 409c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-136-136c-9.5-9.4-9.5-24.6-.1-34z\"><\/path><\/svg><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/span><\/span><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__prev\"><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--label\">Atzera<\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--title\">Prison, tortures, infiltrations\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__separator\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__next elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/1975-2025erakusketa.eus\/fr\/panela\/sauvons-garmendia-tupa-otaegui\/\" rel=\"next\"><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__next\"><span class=\"post-navigation__next--label\">Aurrera<\/span><span 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property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tupa, Otaegi, Txiki - 1975: Dena jokoan zegoen urtea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tupa, Otaegi, Txiki Jose Antonio Garmendia Tupa(Abaltzisketa, Gipuzkoa, 1951) Jose Antonio Garmendia \u00e9tait un militant antifranquiste. En 1973, il passe dans la clandestinit\u00e9. Le 28 ao\u00fbt 1974, Arruabarrena alias Tanke et Garmendia alias Tupa sont arr\u00eat\u00e9s \u00e0 la sortie de Saint-S\u00e9bastien, lors d&rsquo;un des nombreux contr\u00f4les qui \u00e9taient effectu\u00e9s dans le Guip\u00fazcoa. 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